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 Experiment: Formulation and calculation of Y- bus matrix of a given system using MATLAB software. Apparatus:                               MATLAB Software Theory: The Y-bus matrix is a matrix representation of the admittance values of a power system. It is used in power flow analysis to solve for voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus in the system. MATLAB software provides a powerful tool to create and calculate the Y-bus matrix of a given power system. The Y-bus matrix is a square matrix whose size is equal to the number of buses in the system. The diagonal elements of the matrix represent the self-admittance of each bus, while the off-diagonal elements represent the mutual admittance between buses. The formulation of the Y-bus matrix involves the following steps: Calculate the admittance value for each transmission line, transformer, and shunt capacitor in the system. Determine th...

  Experiment: Measurement of ABCD parameters of a long transmission line with magnitude and angle. Appratus:  variable Voltage Source (Variac) 230V AC with 2-Pole S/W No of  π  sections: 4 (100Km each) value of each component: Resistance = 4 Ohm; Capacitance = 0.47 microF; Inductance: 110mH. Voltmeter: 230 V AC  (2 Nos) Ammeter: 5 A (2 Nos) Watt meter: 300V, 5A  (1 Nos) Theory: ABCD Parameters of a Two Port Network In any 4 terminal network, (i.e. linear, passive, bilateral network) the input voltage and input current can be expressed in terms of output voltage and output current. Each port has 2 terminals to connect itself to the external circuit. Thus it is essentially a 2 port or a 4 terminal circuit, having: Given to the input port PQ. Given to the output port RS. Now the ABCD parameters of the transmission line provide the link between the supply and receiving end voltages and currents, considering the circuit elements to be linear in nature. Thu...